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The Kruskal-Wallis test is a non-parametric statistical test used in Six Sigma to compare the medians of three or more independent groups. It is an extension of the Mann-Whitney U test and is used when the data does not meet the assumptions of normality required for ANOVA. The test ranks all the data points from […]

The Mann-Whitney U test, also known as the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, is a non-parametric statistical test used in Six Sigma to compare differences between two independent groups. It assesses whether the distribution of ranks in one group is significantly different from the other, making it suitable for ordinal data or when the assumptions of the […]

An F-test is a statistical method used in Six Sigma to compare the variances of two or more groups to determine if they are significantly different. It is commonly used in analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the null hypothesis that the variances are equal. The F-test calculates the F-ratio, which is the ratio of […]

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is a statistical tool used in Six Sigma to compare the means of three or more groups to determine if there are any statistically significant differences among them. It assesses the impact of one or more factors by comparing the variance within groups to the variance between groups. ANOVA tests help […]

A z-test is a statistical method used in Six Sigma to determine whether there is a significant difference between sample and population means, or between the means of two samples. It is applicable when the population variance is known and the sample size is large (typically over 30). The z-test calculates a z-score, which represents […]

Hypothesis testing is a fundamental Six Sigma tool used to make data-driven decisions by evaluating assumptions about a population parameter. It involves formulating a null hypothesis (H0) and an alternative hypothesis (H1). The null hypothesis represents a statement of no effect or no difference, while the alternative hypothesis represents the effect or difference you aim […]

The Cause and Effect tool, also known as the Fishbone Diagram or Ishikawa Diagram, is a powerful technique in Six Sigma methodology to identify and analyze the root causes of problems. Here are five key important points: Identification of Root Causes: The primary function of the Cause and Effect tool is to pinpoint the root […]

Selecting the Right Sampling Method for LSS Projects There are different reasons why you would go for sampling.If you are a Lean Six Sigma Green Belt or Lean Six Sigma Black Belt, or just an aspirant or a Quality Engineer, you will encounter several scenarios where you have to sample the data during data collection […]

Cpm is yet another interesting process capability metric that is not very popular. In fact it is more robust than Cpk. Cpm is an advanced measure and it corrects some deficiencies in Cpk. It is also called as Taguchi Capability Measure. In order for us to understand Cpm, let’s take a step back and understand Cpk. […]

I’m sure you have heard of ‘Python’ in the context of Data Science and Analytics. Python is an object oriented high-level programming language with built-in data structures. If you are already a Certified Green Belt or a Black Belt from ASQ, IASSC or any other certification body, you might be familiar with a variety of […]

Fig: A Y-shaped matrix that summarizes the requirements for different models of photocopiers The Y-shaped matrix is a matrix diagram that relates three sets of elements where one set is related to the other two sets in a circular manner. . It can be formed by bending the columns of sets A and B in […]

Matrix diagrams can be sorted into several types depending on the number of data sets being compared. L-shaped Relates two sets of elements to one another or a single set of elements to itself. T-shaped Relates three sets of elements where there is no relation between the two sets that are related to a common […]

A matrix diagram, also called a matrix chart, is a management and planning tool used for identifying relationships between two to four groups of elements or among elements in a single group. The elements in different groups are placed in rows and columns and relationships among them are analyzed by the team. Symbols indicating the […]

An interrelationship digraph, also called a relations diagram or network diagram, is a tool that depicts relationships among different elements, areas, or processes through a network of boxes and arrows. It is usually used by Six Sigma teams to understand cause-and-effect relationships among different factors of a problem.